Sleep apnea

Sleep apnea is a disorder of repeated breathing pauses or shallow breathing events (apneas and hypopneas) during sleep, most commonly obstructive sleep apnea from upper-airway collapse, less often central sleep apnea from disrupted respiratory drive. The AASM diagnoses it at an apnea-hypopnea index of at least 5 per hour with symptoms, or at least 15 without. Untreated, it raises the risk of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, stroke, type 2 diabetes, cognitive decline, and all-cause mortality.